Poppers (alkyl nitrites)
Poppers are inhaled alkyl nitrites that produce brief euphoria, muscle relaxation, and vasodilation. They are frequently used in sexual contexts.
What are they?
Poppers are volatile liquid alkyl nitrites (amyl, butyl, propyl) that are inhaled. They produce 1–2 minutes of euphoria and warmth, smooth muscle relaxation (including the anal sphincter), and generalised vasodilation.
Effects
- Brief, intense euphoria
- Vasodilation (drop in blood pressure)
- Muscle relaxation (facilitates anal penetration)
- Facial flushing, palpitations
- Frequent post-use headache
Main risks
- Combination with PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil/Viagra, tadalafil/Cialis): severe hypotension, potentially fatal. Absolute contraindication.
- Temporary loss of erection
- Burns if liquid contacts skin or mucous membranes
- Methaemoglobinaemia with heavy use or in people with sickle-cell anaemia
- Do not mix with alcohol or MDMA (increased cardiovascular risk)
Harm reduction
- Inhale with the bottle at a distance, not directly into the nose
- Do not swallow or spill on skin
- Do not use with erectile dysfunction medications
- Rest between uses; ventilate the space
- Avoid if you have raised eye pressure (glaucoma)
Relevant interactions
| Substance | Interaction | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| Sildenafil (Viagra) | Severe hypotension | Very high — avoid |
| Tadalafil (Cialis) | Severe hypotension | Very high — avoid |
| MDMA | Cardiovascular load | High |
| Alcohol | Hypotension | Moderate |
| ART (most regimens) | No significant interaction | Low |